Economic Reforms

The economic reforms in India started in 1980s but took a huge leap in 1990s. It was the phase in which Mr. Narasimah Rao, the 12th Prime Minister of India, appointed Mr. Manmohan Singh as the finance minister. Mr. Singh provided a credible international face to bail out India from the financial mess inherited from his predecessor, Chandra Shekhar.

Here is a brief about the wonder years that marked the economic boom in India.  :-



1991:
  • Import restrictions removed on day one.
  • Rupee devalued by 18-19%.
  • Trade policy changed.
  • Dual exchange rate regime established.
  • New industrial policy announced.
  • Disinvestment of PSUS to raise resources.
  • India Development Bonds rake in $1.6 billion; GDP growth rate 2.5%.
1992:
  • SEBI given statutory powers.
  • Private satellite television begins.
  • Rangaranjan panel asks for 49% divestment in public sector industries.
  • Harshad Mehta scandal rocks India.
1994:
  • NSE starts operations.
  • Current account convertibility.
  • National telecom policy announced.
1995:
  • 49% FDI in telecom services.
  • First mobile phone call made.
1996:
  • Schemes like DEBP, EQU, EPZ and advance licence announced.
  • First telecom scam involving Sukh Ram.
  • Disinvestment Commission set up.
  • Tarapore panel on rupee convertibility.
1999:
  • New telecom policy announced.
  • Insecure sector opened up.
2000:
  • FERA replaced with a gentler FEMA.
2004:
  • Broadband policy announced.
  • Insurance sector opened up.
2005:
  • RTI announced.
2006:
  • 51% FDI in single- brand retail.
  • Goods & Services Tax (GST) mooted.
2009:
  • Direct Tax Code
2010:
  • Minimum public shareholding in listed firms raised to 25%; revised to 10%. 

Courtesy: Outlook